Institute for Information Law

IViR Lecture Series:

From Autonomy to Ambiguity:
Rethinking Law for Imperfect Humans

13 November 2026

Inaugural lecture
Prof. Joris van Hoboken:

On the unfinished business of law and Big Tech

20 November 2026

Symposium:

A Digital Ecosystem of Trust: Public Service Media in the Triple Bind of Platforms, AI and Authoritarianism

26-27 November 2026

IViR Summer Courses:

International Copyright
Law & Policy

Privacy Law & Policy

European Platform Regulation

Latest News

8 October, 2026

Introducing…Simone Casiraghi

Staff

Simone Casiraghi is a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Postdoctoral researcher at IViR, where he will be conducting the project “Systemic Risks and Fundamental Rights: investigating Risk Assessments in the Digital Services Act” under the supervision of Joris van Hoboken.

6 October, 2026

Introducing…Marie-Therese Sekwenz

Staff

Marie-Therese Sekwenz is a postdoctoral researcher at IViR. She works with João Pedro Quintais on the NWO Vidi project Generative AI Content Moderation: Regulation for Fundamental Rights, which examines how EU law can address the moderation of generative AI content while protecting fundamental rights, particularly freedom of expression.

1 October, 2026

Introducing new visiting researchers, part 1

Staff, Visiting researchers

IViR is pleased to introduce our new visiting researchers Isabella Panico, Anaïs Bayrou and Sara Gallone.

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Upcoming events

October 20, 2026

Mapping Data Work

Taking Stock of Worker Organising in Europe

Spui 25

Amsterdam, The Netherlandshttps://www.spui25.nl/programma/…

October 20, 2026

Training AI models on copyright content: which country’s law applies?

Tokyo, Japanhttps://www.rclip.jp/en/events/h…

October 29 - 30, 2026

PLSC Europe 2026

Leuven, Belgiumhttps://www.law.kuleuven.be/citi…

October 29, 2026

Benelux Merken Congres

Amsterdam, The Netherlandshttps://www.delex.nl/shop/opleid…

November 5, 2026

Nationaal AI & Data congres

Amsterdam, The Netherlandshttps://www.delex.nl/shop/opleid…

November 13, 2026

IViR Lecture Series: From Autonomy to Ambiguity: Rethinking Law for Imperfect Humans

IViR Lecture

Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Latest publications

Reconciling EU Copyright Protection With the Right to Research : Why We Need a General Research Exemption (Now!) download

Senftleben, M.

In: Enabling Access, Fostering Innovation - Towards a Digital Knowledge Agenda in Europe, C. Geiger & B.J. Jütte, Verfassungsbooks, 2026, Berlin, pp: 45-57, ISBN: 9783565427789

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Transforming Copyright Exceptions Into User Rights download

Senftleben, M.

In: Flexibilities in Copyright Law, C. Sgange & T.E. Synodinou (eds.), Routledge, 2026, London, pp: 35-62, ISBN: 9781003466390

Abstract

In EU copyright law, the protection of the right to intellectual property is the rule, and breathing space for competing fundamental rights, such as freedom of expression, is the exception. While formally recognizing the need to balance protection interests against other fundamental rights and values, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) fails to give users relying on competing fundamental rights a robust position in the copyright system. The Court has developed a meaningless “user rights” rhetoric that produces the false impression of affording users – in line with the equal rank of their rights in the Charter – the chance of meeting right holders as equals. In practice, however, the Court insists on the reconciliation of competing rights within the confines of copyright legislation. As a result, the specific requirements for invoking exceptions and the open-ended three-step test become stumbling blocks that can easily thwart the assertion of competing fundamental rights. To develop meaningful user rights, it would be necessary to introduce upfront gatekeeper requirements that prevent illegitimate infringement claims from the outset when competing fundamental rights are at stake.

RIS

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Senftleben, M.
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026-10-13
T1  - Transforming Copyright Exceptions Into User Rights
SP  - 35-62
DO  - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003466390
AB  - In EU copyright law, the protection of the right to intellectual property is the rule, and breathing space for competing fundamental rights, such as freedom of expression, is the exception. While formally recognizing the need to balance protection interests against other fundamental rights and values, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) fails to give users relying on competing fundamental rights a robust position in the copyright system. The Court has developed a meaningless “user rights” rhetoric that produces the false impression of affording users – in line with the equal rank of their rights in the Charter – the chance of meeting right holders as equals. In practice, however, the Court insists on the reconciliation of competing rights within the confines of copyright legislation. As a result, the specific requirements for invoking exceptions and the open-ended three-step test become stumbling blocks that can easily thwart the assertion of competing fundamental rights. To develop meaningful user rights, it would be necessary to introduce upfront gatekeeper requirements that prevent illegitimate infringement claims from the outset when competing fundamental rights are at stake.
K1  - Copyright
K1  - exceptions
K1  - user rights
ER  -

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Bibtex

Chapter{nokey,
	title = {Transforming Copyright Exceptions Into User Rights},
	author = {Senftleben, M.},
	url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publications/the-ai-act-and-author-remuneration-a-model-for-other-regions/transforming-copyright-exceptions-into-user-rights/},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003466390},
	year = {2026},
	date = {2026-10-13},
	pages = {35-62},
	abstract = {In EU copyright law, the protection of the right to intellectual property is the rule, and breathing space for competing fundamental rights, such as freedom of expression, is the exception. While formally recognizing the need to balance protection interests against other fundamental rights and values, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) fails to give users relying on competing fundamental rights a robust position in the copyright system. The Court has developed a meaningless “user rights” rhetoric that produces the false impression of affording users – in line with the equal rank of their rights in the Charter – the chance of meeting right holders as equals. In practice, however, the Court insists on the reconciliation of competing rights within the confines of copyright legislation. As a result, the specific requirements for invoking exceptions and the open-ended three-step test become stumbling blocks that can easily thwart the assertion of competing fundamental rights. To develop meaningful user rights, it would be necessary to introduce upfront gatekeeper requirements that prevent illegitimate infringement claims from the outset when competing fundamental rights are at stake.},
	keywords = {Copyright, exceptions, user rights},
}

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The AI Act and Author Remuneration – A Model for Other Regions? download

Senftleben, M.

In: Artificial Intelligence and Creativity, G. Westkamp & N. Shemtov (eds), Cheltenham: Edward Elgar , 2026, pp: 176-212, ISBN: 9781035355600

Links

AI Act, Copyright, remuneration

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Trapova, A. & Quintais, J.

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Exploring trust in a conversational news recommender through perceived enjoyment and personalisation external link

Resendez, V., Araujo, T., Helberger, N. & Vreese, C.H. de

Behaviour & Information Technology , 2026

Abstract

Conversational Agents (CAs) are transforming how news is distributed, offering a more dialogic and personalised approach for users. This transformation may help news organisations reach new audiences and hold the potential not only for them to engage with a new public, but also to enhance trust in their news recommenders. Despite the growing use of CAs for news recommendations, there is a limited understanding of how CAs in comparison to websites affect trust in the news recommender. To fill this gap, we assess the influence of various potential antecedents of trust (i.e. perceived ease of use, enjoyment, personalisation, and privacy concerns) through an online experiment. The experiment (N = 595) compared a news recommender in either a traditional news website or a CA. The results showed that participants had lower levels of trust in CAs compared to websites mediated by perceived enjoyment. This finding suggests that the dialogic nature of CAs does not inherently enhance enjoyment in the news context. Additionally, perceived personalisation was found to be an important antecedent influencing trust in the news recommender. Overall, these findings suggest that news organisations offering conversational news should prioritise enjoyable interactions with relevant content for the users to enhance trust.

Links

news personalisation, news recommenders, trust

RIS

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Resendez, V.
AU  - Araujo, T.
AU  - Helberger, N.
AU  - Vreese, C.H. de
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026-09-30
T1  - Exploring trust in a conversational news recommender through perceived enjoyment and personalisation
JO  - Behaviour & Information Technology 
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2026.2738388
AB  - Conversational Agents (CAs) are transforming how news is distributed, offering a more dialogic and personalised approach for users. This transformation may help news organisations reach new audiences and hold the potential not only for them to engage with a new public, but also to enhance trust in their news recommenders. Despite the growing use of CAs for news recommendations, there is a limited understanding of how CAs in comparison to websites affect trust in the news recommender. To fill this gap, we assess the influence of various potential antecedents of trust (i.e. perceived ease of use, enjoyment, personalisation, and privacy concerns) through an online experiment. The experiment (N = 595) compared a news recommender in either a traditional news website or a CA. The results showed that participants had lower levels of trust in CAs compared to websites mediated by perceived enjoyment. This finding suggests that the dialogic nature of CAs does not inherently enhance enjoyment in the news context. Additionally, perceived personalisation was found to be an important antecedent influencing trust in the news recommender. Overall, these findings suggest that news organisations offering conversational news should prioritise enjoyable interactions with relevant content for the users to enhance trust.
K1  - news personalisation
K1  - news recommenders
K1  - trust
ER  -

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Bibtex

Article{nokey,
	title = {Exploring trust in a conversational news recommender through perceived enjoyment and personalisation},
	author = {Resendez, V. and Araujo, T. and Helberger, N. and Vreese, C.H. de},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0144929X.2026.2738388},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2026.2738388},
	year = {2026},
	date = {2026-09-30},
	journal = {Behaviour & Information Technology },
	abstract = {Conversational Agents (CAs) are transforming how news is distributed, offering a more dialogic and personalised approach for users. This transformation may help news organisations reach new audiences and hold the potential not only for them to engage with a new public, but also to enhance trust in their news recommenders. Despite the growing use of CAs for news recommendations, there is a limited understanding of how CAs in comparison to websites affect trust in the news recommender. To fill this gap, we assess the influence of various potential antecedents of trust (i.e. perceived ease of use, enjoyment, personalisation, and privacy concerns) through an online experiment. The experiment (N = 595) compared a news recommender in either a traditional news website or a CA. The results showed that participants had lower levels of trust in CAs compared to websites mediated by perceived enjoyment. This finding suggests that the dialogic nature of CAs does not inherently enhance enjoyment in the news context. Additionally, perceived personalisation was found to be an important antecedent influencing trust in the news recommender. Overall, these findings suggest that news organisations offering conversational news should prioritise enjoyable interactions with relevant content for the users to enhance trust.},
	keywords = {news personalisation, news recommenders, trust},
}

Save .bib

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