How to License Article 17? Exploring the Implementation Options for the New EU Rules on Content-Sharing Platforms external link

Husovec, M. & Quintais, J.
2020

Abstract

Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive is a major Internet policy experiment of our decade. The provision fundamentally changes copyright regulation of certain digital platforms. However, the precise nature of art. 17 is far from clear. How does it fit the existing structure of EU copyright law and doctrine? How can the Member States implement it? These are the questions at the heart of this article. To answer them, we start by examining the nature and structure of the right prescribed in art. 17. The exact qualification brings important legal consequences. Among others, it determines the conditions imposed by EU law and international law on national implementations. After reviewing different interpretation options, we conclude that art. 17 introduces either a special or a new sui generis right, both of which allow significant margin of discretion for Member States, especially as regards licensing mechanisms and exceptions. [This is a revised and updated version of a working paper first published in October 2019]

Article 17, communication to the public, Copyright, exceptions and limitations, frontpage, intermediaries, Licensing

Bibtex

Article{Husovec2020c, title = {How to License Article 17? Exploring the Implementation Options for the New EU Rules on Content-Sharing Platforms}, author = {Husovec, M. and Quintais, J.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3463011}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3463011}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-29}, abstract = {Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive is a major Internet policy experiment of our decade. The provision fundamentally changes copyright regulation of certain digital platforms. However, the precise nature of art. 17 is far from clear. How does it fit the existing structure of EU copyright law and doctrine? How can the Member States implement it? These are the questions at the heart of this article. To answer them, we start by examining the nature and structure of the right prescribed in art. 17. The exact qualification brings important legal consequences. Among others, it determines the conditions imposed by EU law and international law on national implementations. After reviewing different interpretation options, we conclude that art. 17 introduces either a special or a new sui generis right, both of which allow significant margin of discretion for Member States, especially as regards licensing mechanisms and exceptions. [This is a revised and updated version of a working paper first published in October 2019]}, keywords = {Article 17, communication to the public, Copyright, exceptions and limitations, frontpage, intermediaries, Licensing}, }

Macro and Exogenous Factors in Computational Advertising: Key Issues and New Research Directions external link

Helberger, N., Huh, J., Milne, G. & Strycharz, J.
Journal of Advertising, vol. 49, num: 4, pp: 377-393, 2020

Abstract

To advance the emerging research field of computational advertising this article describes the new computational advertising ecosystem, identifies key actors within it and interactions among them, and discusses future research agendas. Specifically, we propose systematic conceptualization for the redefined advertising industry, consumers, government, and technology environmental factors, and discuss emerging and anticipated tensions that arise in the macro and exogenous factors surrounding the new computational advertising industry, leading to suggestions for future research directions. From multidisciplinary angles, areas of tension and related research questions are explored from advertising, business, computer science, and legal perspectives. The proposed research agendas include exploring transparency of computational advertising practice and consumer education; understanding the trade-off between explainability and performance of algorithms; exploring the issue of new consumers as free data laborers, data as commodity, and related consumer agency challenges; understanding the relationship between algorithmic transparency and consumers’ literacy; evaluating the trade-off between algorithmic fairness and privacy protection; examining legal and regulatory issues regarding power imbalance between actors in the computational advertising ecosystem; and studying the trade-off between technological innovation and consumer protection and empowerment.

algoritmen, consumentenbescherming, Consumentenrecht, frontpage, Privacy, reclamerecht

Bibtex

Article{Helberger2020h, title = {Macro and Exogenous Factors in Computational Advertising: Key Issues and New Research Directions}, author = {Helberger, N. and Huh, J. and Milne, G. and Strycharz, J.}, doi = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2020.1811179}, year = {0911}, date = {2020-09-11}, journal = {Journal of Advertising}, volume = {49}, number = {4}, pages = {377-393}, abstract = {To advance the emerging research field of computational advertising this article describes the new computational advertising ecosystem, identifies key actors within it and interactions among them, and discusses future research agendas. Specifically, we propose systematic conceptualization for the redefined advertising industry, consumers, government, and technology environmental factors, and discuss emerging and anticipated tensions that arise in the macro and exogenous factors surrounding the new computational advertising industry, leading to suggestions for future research directions. From multidisciplinary angles, areas of tension and related research questions are explored from advertising, business, computer science, and legal perspectives. The proposed research agendas include exploring transparency of computational advertising practice and consumer education; understanding the trade-off between explainability and performance of algorithms; exploring the issue of new consumers as free data laborers, data as commodity, and related consumer agency challenges; understanding the relationship between algorithmic transparency and consumers’ literacy; evaluating the trade-off between algorithmic fairness and privacy protection; examining legal and regulatory issues regarding power imbalance between actors in the computational advertising ecosystem; and studying the trade-off between technological innovation and consumer protection and empowerment.}, keywords = {algoritmen, consumentenbescherming, Consumentenrecht, frontpage, Privacy, reclamerecht}, }

Opinie: Doorsturen telecomdata naar RIVM vereist een beter verhaal external link

Het Financieele Dagblad, 2020

frontpage, rivm, Telecommunicatierecht, verkeersgegevens

Bibtex

Article{Eskens2020c, title = {Opinie: Doorsturen telecomdata naar RIVM vereist een beter verhaal}, author = {Eskens, S. and Mil, J. van}, url = {https://fd.nl/opinie/1356879/doorsturen-telecomdata-naar-rivm-vereist-een-beter-verhaal}, year = {0912}, date = {2020-09-12}, journal = {Het Financieele Dagblad}, keywords = {frontpage, rivm, Telecommunicatierecht, verkeersgegevens}, }

Opinie: corona-app vraagt om meer toezicht op grote techbedrijven external link

De Volkskrant, 2020

Abstract

Er is te weinig aandacht voor de rol van Google en Apple bij de invoering van de CoronaMelder, betogen Natali Helberger en Sarah Eskens.

corona, frontpage, Technologie en recht

Bibtex

Article{Helberger2020g, title = {Opinie: corona-app vraagt om meer toezicht op grote techbedrijven}, author = {Helberger, N. and Eskens, S.}, url = {https://www.volkskrant.nl/columns-opinie/opinie-corona-app-vraagt-om-meer-toezicht-op-grote-techbedrijven~b6898138/}, year = {0910}, date = {2020-09-10}, journal = {De Volkskrant}, abstract = {Er is te weinig aandacht voor de rol van Google en Apple bij de invoering van de CoronaMelder, betogen Natali Helberger en Sarah Eskens.}, keywords = {corona, frontpage, Technologie en recht}, }

Who is the fairest of them all? Public attitudes and expectations regarding automated decision-making external link

Helberger, N., Araujo, T. & Vreese, C.H. de
Computer Law & Security Review, vol. 39, 2020

Abstract

The ongoing substitution of human decision makers by automated decision-making (ADM) systems in a whole range of areas raises the question of whether and, if so, under which conditions ADM is acceptable and fair. So far, this debate has been primarily led by academics, civil society, technology developers and members of the expert groups tasked to develop ethical guidelines for ADM. Ultimately, however, ADM affects citizens, who will live with, act upon and ultimately have to accept the authority of ADM systems. The paper aims to contribute to this larger debate by providing deeper insights into the question of whether, and if so, why and under which conditions, citizens are inclined to accept ADM as fair. The results of a survey (N = 958) with a representative sample of the Dutch adult population, show that most respondents assume that AI-driven ADM systems are fairer than human decision-makers. A more nuanced view emerges from an analysis of the responses, with emotions, expectations about AI being data- and calculation-driven, as well as the role of the programmer – among other dimensions – being cited as reasons for (un)fairness by AI or humans. Individual characteristics such as age and education level influenced not only perceptions about AI fairness, but also the reasons provided for such perceptions. The paper concludes with a normative assessment of the findings and suggestions for the future debate and research.

Artificial intelligence, automated decision making, fairness, frontpage, Technologie en recht

Bibtex

Article{Helberger2020f, title = {Who is the fairest of them all? Public attitudes and expectations regarding automated decision-making}, author = {Helberger, N. and Araujo, T. and Vreese, C.H. de}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0267364920300613?dgcid=author}, doi = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2020.105456}, year = {0915}, date = {2020-09-15}, journal = {Computer Law & Security Review}, volume = {39}, pages = {}, abstract = {The ongoing substitution of human decision makers by automated decision-making (ADM) systems in a whole range of areas raises the question of whether and, if so, under which conditions ADM is acceptable and fair. So far, this debate has been primarily led by academics, civil society, technology developers and members of the expert groups tasked to develop ethical guidelines for ADM. Ultimately, however, ADM affects citizens, who will live with, act upon and ultimately have to accept the authority of ADM systems. The paper aims to contribute to this larger debate by providing deeper insights into the question of whether, and if so, why and under which conditions, citizens are inclined to accept ADM as fair. The results of a survey (N = 958) with a representative sample of the Dutch adult population, show that most respondents assume that AI-driven ADM systems are fairer than human decision-makers. A more nuanced view emerges from an analysis of the responses, with emotions, expectations about AI being data- and calculation-driven, as well as the role of the programmer – among other dimensions – being cited as reasons for (un)fairness by AI or humans. Individual characteristics such as age and education level influenced not only perceptions about AI fairness, but also the reasons provided for such perceptions. The paper concludes with a normative assessment of the findings and suggestions for the future debate and research.}, keywords = {Artificial intelligence, automated decision making, fairness, frontpage, Technologie en recht}, }

Netherlands external link

Abstract

Contact tracing apps for smartphones, thermal scanners, face recognition technology: high hopes have been placed by both local administrations and national governments in applications and devices like these, aimed at containing the outbreak of the virus. The new publication Automated Decision-Making Systems in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A European Perspective gathers detailed examples of ADM systems in use, compiled by a network of researchers covering 16 countries. It provides an initial mapping and exploration of ADM systems implemented throughout Europe as a consequence of the COVID-19 outbreak.

covid-19, frontpage, mobile health apps, Technologie en recht

Bibtex

Chapter{Appelman2020b, title = {Netherlands}, author = {Appelman, N. and Fahy, R.}, url = {https://algorithmwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ADM-systems-in-the-Covid-19-pandemic-Report-by-AW-BSt-Sept-2020.pdf}, year = {0901}, date = {2020-09-01}, abstract = {Contact tracing apps for smartphones, thermal scanners, face recognition technology: high hopes have been placed by both local administrations and national governments in applications and devices like these, aimed at containing the outbreak of the virus. The new publication Automated Decision-Making Systems in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A European Perspective gathers detailed examples of ADM systems in use, compiled by a network of researchers covering 16 countries. It provides an initial mapping and exploration of ADM systems implemented throughout Europe as a consequence of the COVID-19 outbreak.}, keywords = {covid-19, frontpage, mobile health apps, Technologie en recht}, }

Article 17 of the Copyright Directive: Why the German implementation proposal is compatible with EU law – Part 2 external link

Husovec, M. & Quintais, J.
Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2020

Art. 17 CDSM Directive, Auteursrecht, duitsland, frontpage, implementatie

Bibtex

Article{Husovec2020b, title = {Article 17 of the Copyright Directive: Why the German implementation proposal is compatible with EU law – Part 2}, author = {Husovec, M. and Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2020/08/28/article-17-of-the-copyright-directive-why-the-german-implementation-proposal-is-compatible-with-eu-law-part-2/?doing_wp_cron=1598609159.3323481082916259765625}, year = {0828}, date = {2020-08-28}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {Art. 17 CDSM Directive, Auteursrecht, duitsland, frontpage, implementatie}, }

Choice of Law in EU Trade Secrecy Cases external link

Cooper Dreyfuss, R. & van Eechoud, M.
0827, pp: 171-191

Abstract

Chapter in: The Harmonization and Protection of Trade Secrets in the EU: An Appraisal of the EU Directive, J. Schovsbo, T. Minssen & T. Riis eds., Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020. ISBN: 9781788973335.

Auteursrecht, choice of law, frontpage, handelsgeheimen

Bibtex

Chapter{Dreyfuss2020, title = {Choice of Law in EU Trade Secrecy Cases}, author = {Cooper Dreyfuss, R. and van Eechoud, M.}, url = {https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788973335/9781788973335.xml}, doi = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788973342}, year = {0827}, date = {2020-08-27}, abstract = {Chapter in: The Harmonization and Protection of Trade Secrets in the EU: An Appraisal of the EU Directive, J. Schovsbo, T. Minssen & T. Riis eds., Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020. ISBN: 9781788973335.}, keywords = {Auteursrecht, choice of law, frontpage, handelsgeheimen}, }

Reserveprijs veiling DAB+-laag 7 external link

Rougoor, W., Tieben, B. & Poort, J.
2020

Abstract

Voor de veiling van DAB+-laag 7 is een reserveprijs wenselijk die laag maar niet triviaal is om niet-serieuze aanvragers te weren zonder serieuze bieders af te schrikken. Op basis van een tentatieve kasstroomanalyse adviseren SEO Economisch Onderzoek en IViR een reserveprijs te hanteren van ten hoogste € 50 duizend per vergunning.

digitale radio, frontpage, prijzen, veilingen, vergunningen

Bibtex

Report{Rougoor2020, title = {Reserveprijs veiling DAB+-laag 7}, author = {Rougoor, W. and Tieben, B. and Poort, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Reserveprijs_veiling_DAB_laag_7.pdf}, year = {0827}, date = {2020-08-27}, abstract = {Voor de veiling van DAB+-laag 7 is een reserveprijs wenselijk die laag maar niet triviaal is om niet-serieuze aanvragers te weren zonder serieuze bieders af te schrikken. Op basis van een tentatieve kasstroomanalyse adviseren SEO Economisch Onderzoek en IViR een reserveprijs te hanteren van ten hoogste € 50 duizend per vergunning.}, keywords = {digitale radio, frontpage, prijzen, veilingen, vergunningen}, }

Techno-optimism and solutionism as a crisis response external link

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped how social, economic, and political power is created, exerted, and extended through technology. Through case studies from around the world, this book analyses the ways in which technologies of monitoring infections, information, and behaviour have been applied and justified during the emergency, what their side-effects have been, and what kinds of resistance they have met.

frontpage, Technologie en recht

Bibtex

Chapter{Appelman2020, title = {Techno-optimism and solutionism as a crisis response}, author = {Appelman, N. and Toh, J. and Fahy, R. and van Hoboken, J.}, url = {https://pure.uva.nl/admin/files/49662485/Data_Justice_and_COVID_19.pdf}, year = {0827}, date = {2020-08-27}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped how social, economic, and political power is created, exerted, and extended through technology. Through case studies from around the world, this book analyses the ways in which technologies of monitoring infections, information, and behaviour have been applied and justified during the emergency, what their side-effects have been, and what kinds of resistance they have met.}, keywords = {frontpage, Technologie en recht}, }